They are
as follows:--To make a knot at the end of the thread; to run; to stitch;
to "sew'\;" to fell, or otherwise to make a double seam; to herring-bone
(essential for flannels); to hem; to sew over; to bind; to sew on a
button; to make a button-hole; to darn; and to fine-draw. He should also
practise taking patterns of some articles of clothing in paper, cutting
them out in common materials and putting them together. He should take a
lesson or two from a saddler, and several, when on board ship, from a
sail-maker.
Needles, to make.--The natives of Unyoro sew their beautifully prepared
goat-skins in a wonderfully neat manner, with needles manufactured by
themselves. "They make them not by boring the eye, but by sharpening the
end into a fine point and turning it over, the extremity being hammered
into a small cut in the body of the needle, to prevent it from
catching."--Sir S. Baker.
MEMBRANE, SINEW, HORN.
Parchment--The substance which is called parchment when made from sheep
or goat skins, and vellum when from those of calves, kids, or dead-born
lambs, can also be made from any other skin. The raw hide is buried for
one or two days, till the hair comes off easily; then it is taken out and
well scraped. Next a skewer is run in and out along each of its four
sides, and strings being made fast to these skewers, the skin is very
tightly stretched; it is carefully scraped over as it lies on the
stretch, by which means the water is squeezed out; then it is rubbed with
rough stones, as pumice or sandstone, after which it is allowed to dry,
the strings by which the skewers are secured being tightened from time to
time.
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